{
  "id": "historical-book-production",
  "name": "Historical Book Production",
  "title": "Historical Book Production",
  "description": "208 records of manuscript and printed book production by European region, spanning 500 AD to 1800.",
  "category": "entertainment",
  "source": "https://github.com/owid/owid-datasets",
  "source_url": "https://github.com/owid/owid-datasets",
  "updated": "2026-04",
  "record_count": 208,
  "columns": [
    {
      "key": "region",
      "label": "Region",
      "type": "string"
    },
    {
      "key": "year",
      "label": "Year",
      "type": "number"
    },
    {
      "key": "manuscripts_per_century",
      "label": "Manuscripts Per Century",
      "type": "number"
    },
    {
      "key": "printed_books_per_half_century",
      "label": "Printed Books Per Half Century",
      "type": "number"
    },
    {
      "key": "annual_per_capita_books",
      "label": "Annual Per Capita Books",
      "type": "number"
    }
  ],
  "rows": [
    {
      "region": "Austria",
      "year": 500,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Austria",
      "year": 600,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Austria",
      "year": 700,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 2735,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Austria",
      "year": 800,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 9414,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Austria",
      "year": 900,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Austria",
      "year": 1000,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 2808,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Austria",
      "year": 1100,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 37370,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Austria",
      "year": 1200,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 37408,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Austria",
      "year": 1300,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 39777,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Austria",
      "year": 1400,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 88623,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 500,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 600,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 127,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 700,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 1111,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 800,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 3029,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 900,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 1555,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 1000,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 8529,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 1100,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 43219,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 1200,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 119588,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 1300,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 106148,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 1400,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 572124,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 1475,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 394000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0047
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 1525,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 1963000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0177
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 1575,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 5720000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0482
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 1625,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 4334000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0332
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 1675,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 7203000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0736
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 1725,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 3016000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0307
    },
    {
      "region": "Belgium",
      "year": 1775,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 4817000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0445
    },
    {
      "region": "Bohemia",
      "year": 500,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Bohemia",
      "year": 600,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Bohemia",
      "year": 700,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Bohemia",
      "year": 800,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Bohemia",
      "year": 900,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Bohemia",
      "year": 1000,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 657,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Bohemia",
      "year": 1100,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 1136,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Bohemia",
      "year": 1200,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 5377,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Bohemia",
      "year": 1300,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 42066,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Bohemia",
      "year": 1400,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 45363,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "British Isles",
      "year": 500,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 81,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "British Isles",
      "year": 600,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 1026,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "British Isles",
      "year": 700,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 5474,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "British Isles",
      "year": 800,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 7926,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "British Isles",
      "year": 900,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 9793,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "British Isles",
      "year": 1000,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 20360,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "British Isles",
      "year": 1100,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 81044,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "British Isles",
      "year": 1200,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 200654,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "British Isles",
      "year": 1300,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 155513,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "British Isles",
      "year": 1400,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 208729,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Central Europe",
      "year": 500,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Central Europe",
      "year": 600,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Central Europe",
      "year": 700,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Central Europe",
      "year": 800,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Central Europe",
      "year": 900,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Central Europe",
      "year": 1000,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 3983,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Central Europe",
      "year": 1100,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 27530,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Central Europe",
      "year": 1200,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 120987,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Central Europe",
      "year": 1300,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 301833,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Central Europe",
      "year": 1400,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 376650,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 550,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 1682,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 650,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 2441,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 750,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 15920,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 850,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 74190,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 950,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 12752,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 1050,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 45061,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 1150,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 197831,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 1250,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 510828,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 1350,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 564624,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 1450,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 1195783,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 1475,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 2861000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0032
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 1525,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 34736000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0299
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 1575,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 39084000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0337
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 1625,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 61257000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0522
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 1675,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 85163000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0701
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 1725,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 73631000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0587
    },
    {
      "region": "France",
      "year": 1775,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 157153000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.1179
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 500,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 600,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 0,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 700,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 7503,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 800,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 59771,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 900,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 45703,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 1000,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 49548,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 1100,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 166876,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 1200,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 270392,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 1300,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 293814,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 1400,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 515116,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 1475,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 3227000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0041
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 1525,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 15603000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0212
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 1575,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 32112000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0434
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 1625,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 40553000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.054
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 1675,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 57708000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0787
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 1725,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 78205000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0997
    },
    {
      "region": "Germany",
      "year": 1775,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 116814000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.1224
    },
    {
      "region": "Great Britain",
      "year": 1475,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 208000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.002
    },
    {
      "region": "Great Britain",
      "year": 1525,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 2807000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0146
    },
    {
      "region": "Great Britain",
      "year": 1575,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 7999000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0273
    },
    {
      "region": "Great Britain",
      "year": 1625,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 32912000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.08
    },
    {
      "region": "Great Britain",
      "year": 1675,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 89306000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.1918
    },
    {
      "region": "Great Britain",
      "year": 1725,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 89259000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.1683
    },
    {
      "region": "Great Britain",
      "year": 1775,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": 138355000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.192
    },
    {
      "region": "Iberia",
      "year": 500,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 1594,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Iberia",
      "year": 600,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 2512,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Iberia",
      "year": 700,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 3770,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Iberia",
      "year": 800,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 21693,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Iberia",
      "year": 900,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 48763,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Iberia",
      "year": 1000,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 40871,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Iberia",
      "year": 1100,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 114422,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Iberia",
      "year": 1200,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 237818,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Iberia",
      "year": 1300,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 344284,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Iberia",
      "year": 1400,
      "manuscripts_per_century": 390478,
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": ""
    },
    {
      "region": "Ireland",
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    {
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    {
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    },
    {
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      "year": 700,
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    {
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    {
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    {
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      "year": 1000,
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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      "year": 1200,
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    },
    {
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      "year": 1300,
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
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      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0093
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    {
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      "year": 1525,
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      "printed_books_per_half_century": 3312000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0481
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    {
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      "year": 1575,
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      "printed_books_per_half_century": 5786000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0785
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    {
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      "year": 1625,
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      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0093
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    {
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      "year": 1675,
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      "printed_books_per_half_century": 1656000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0146
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    {
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      "year": 1725,
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      "printed_books_per_half_century": 1277000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0142
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    {
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      "printed_books_per_half_century": 4615000,
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0323
    },
    {
      "region": "Western Europe",
      "year": 1475,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0031
    },
    {
      "region": "Western Europe",
      "year": 1525,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0175
    },
    {
      "region": "Western Europe",
      "year": 1575,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0291
    },
    {
      "region": "Western Europe",
      "year": 1625,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0406
    },
    {
      "region": "Western Europe",
      "year": 1675,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0667
    },
    {
      "region": "Western Europe",
      "year": 1725,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.0667
    },
    {
      "region": "Western Europe",
      "year": 1775,
      "manuscripts_per_century": "",
      "printed_books_per_half_century": "",
      "annual_per_capita_books": 0.1224
    }
  ],
  "meta": {
    "title": "Historical Book Production - Free Download",
    "description": "208 records of manuscript and printed book production by European region, spanning 500 AD to 1800. Contains 208 records. Download in Excel, CSV, PDF formats.",
    "seo_title": "Historical Book Production | ListBase",
    "seo_description": "Download Historical Book Production — 208 records. Available in Excel, CSV, PDF formats.",
    "key_takeaways": [
      "Contains 208 records / 5 fields",
      "Available for free download in Excel, CSV, and PDF formats",
      "Data sourced from: https://github.com/owid/owid-datasets"
    ]
  }
}