{ "id": "chemical-elements-properties", "name": "Chemical Elements — Chemistry Properties", "title": "Chemical Elements — Chemistry Properties", "description": "118 chemical elements with electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic/ion/Van der Waals radii, bonding type, standard state, oxidation states, melting/boiling points, density, and year of discovery.", "category": "science", "source": "https://github.com/andrejewski/periodic-table", "source_url": "https://github.com/andrejewski/periodic-table", "updated": "2026-04", "record_count": 118, "columns": [ { "key": "atomicNumber", "label": "AtomicNumber", "type": "number" }, { "key": "symbol", "label": "Symbol", "type": "string" }, { "key": "name", "label": "Name", "type": "string" }, { "key": "atomicMass", "label": "AtomicMass", "type": "string" }, { "key": "cpkHexColor", "label": "CpkHexColor", "type": "string" }, { "key": "electronicConfiguration", "label": "ElectronicConfiguration", "type": "string" }, { "key": "electronegativity", "label": "Electronegativity", "type": "number" }, { "key": "atomicRadius", "label": "AtomicRadius", "type": "number" }, { "key": "ionRadius", "label": "IonRadius", "type": "string" }, { "key": "vanDelWaalsRadius", "label": "VanDelWaalsRadius", "type": "number" }, { "key": "ionizationEnergy", "label": "IonizationEnergy", "type": "number" }, { "key": "electronAffinity", "label": "ElectronAffinity", "type": "number" }, { "key": "oxidationStates", "label": "OxidationStates", "type": "string" }, { "key": "standardState", "label": "StandardState", "type": "string" }, { "key": "bondingType", "label": "BondingType", "type": "string" }, { "key": "meltingPoint", "label": "MeltingPoint", "type": "number" }, { "key": "boilingPoint", "label": "BoilingPoint", "type": "number" }, { "key": "density", "label": "Density", "type": "number" }, { "key": "groupBlock", "label": "GroupBlock", "type": "string" }, { "key": "yearDiscovered", "label": "YearDiscovered", "type": "number" } ], "rows": [ { "atomicNumber": 1, "symbol": "H", "name": "Hydrogen", "atomicMass": "1.00794(4)", "cpkHexColor": "FFFFFF", "electronicConfiguration": "1s1", "electronegativity": 2.2, "atomicRadius": 37, "ionRadius": "", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 120, "ionizationEnergy": 1312, "electronAffinity": -73, "oxidationStates": "-1, 1", "standardState": "gas", "bondingType": "diatomic", "meltingPoint": 14, "boilingPoint": 20, "density": 0.0000899, "groupBlock": "nonmetal", "yearDiscovered": 1766 }, { "atomicNumber": 2, "symbol": "He", "name": "Helium", "atomicMass": "4.002602(2)", "cpkHexColor": "D9FFFF", "electronicConfiguration": "1s2", "electronegativity": "", "atomicRadius": 32, "ionRadius": "", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 140, "ionizationEnergy": 2372, "electronAffinity": 0, "oxidationStates": "", "standardState": "gas", "bondingType": "atomic", "meltingPoint": "", "boilingPoint": 4, "density": 0.0001785, "groupBlock": "noble gas", "yearDiscovered": 1868 }, { "atomicNumber": 3, "symbol": "Li", "name": "Lithium", "atomicMass": "6.941(2)", "cpkHexColor": "CC80FF", "electronicConfiguration": "[He] 2s1", "electronegativity": 0.98, "atomicRadius": 134, "ionRadius": "76 (+1)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 182, "ionizationEnergy": 520, "electronAffinity": -60, "oxidationStates": 1, "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 454, "boilingPoint": 1615, "density": 0.535, "groupBlock": "alkali metal", "yearDiscovered": 1817 }, { "atomicNumber": 4, "symbol": "Be", "name": "Beryllium", "atomicMass": "9.012182(3)", "cpkHexColor": "C2FF00", "electronicConfiguration": "[He] 2s2", "electronegativity": 1.57, "atomicRadius": 90, "ionRadius": "45 (+2)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 900, "electronAffinity": 0, "oxidationStates": 2, "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 1560, "boilingPoint": 2743, "density": 1.848, "groupBlock": "alkaline earth metal", "yearDiscovered": 1798 }, { "atomicNumber": 5, "symbol": "B", "name": "Boron", "atomicMass": "10.811(7)", "cpkHexColor": "FFB5B5", "electronicConfiguration": "[He] 2s2 2p1", "electronegativity": 2.04, "atomicRadius": 82, "ionRadius": "27 (+3)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 801, "electronAffinity": -27, "oxidationStates": "1, 2, 3", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "covalent network", "meltingPoint": 2348, "boilingPoint": 4273, "density": 2.46, "groupBlock": "metalloid", "yearDiscovered": 1807 }, { "atomicNumber": 6, "symbol": "C", "name": "Carbon", "atomicMass": "12.0107(8)", "cpkHexColor": 909090, "electronicConfiguration": "[He] 2s2 2p2", "electronegativity": 2.55, "atomicRadius": 77, "ionRadius": "16 (+4)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 170, "ionizationEnergy": 1087, "electronAffinity": -154, "oxidationStates": "-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "covalent network", "meltingPoint": 3823, "boilingPoint": 4300, "density": 2.26, "groupBlock": "nonmetal", "yearDiscovered": "Ancient" }, { "atomicNumber": 7, "symbol": "N", "name": "Nitrogen", "atomicMass": "14.0067(2)", "cpkHexColor": "3050F8", "electronicConfiguration": "[He] 2s2 2p3", "electronegativity": 3.04, "atomicRadius": 75, "ionRadius": "146 (-3)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 155, "ionizationEnergy": 1402, "electronAffinity": -7, "oxidationStates": "-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5", "standardState": "gas", "bondingType": "diatomic", "meltingPoint": 63, "boilingPoint": 77, "density": 0.001251, "groupBlock": "nonmetal", "yearDiscovered": 1772 }, { "atomicNumber": 8, "symbol": "O", "name": "Oxygen", "atomicMass": "15.9994(3)", "cpkHexColor": "FF0D0D", "electronicConfiguration": "[He] 2s2 2p4", "electronegativity": 3.44, "atomicRadius": 73, "ionRadius": "140 (-2)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 152, "ionizationEnergy": 1314, "electronAffinity": -141, "oxidationStates": "-2, -1, 1, 2", "standardState": "gas", "bondingType": "diatomic", "meltingPoint": 55, "boilingPoint": 90, "density": 0.001429, "groupBlock": "nonmetal", "yearDiscovered": 1774 }, { "atomicNumber": 9, "symbol": "F", "name": "Fluorine", "atomicMass": "18.9984032(5)", "cpkHexColor": 9e+51, "electronicConfiguration": "[He] 2s2 2p5", "electronegativity": 3.98, "atomicRadius": 71, "ionRadius": "133 (-1)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 147, "ionizationEnergy": 1681, "electronAffinity": -328, "oxidationStates": -1, "standardState": "gas", "bondingType": "atomic", "meltingPoint": 54, "boilingPoint": 85, "density": 0.001696, "groupBlock": "halogen", "yearDiscovered": 1670 }, { "atomicNumber": 10, "symbol": "Ne", "name": "Neon", "atomicMass": "20.1797(6)", "cpkHexColor": "B3E3F5", "electronicConfiguration": "[He] 2s2 2p6", "electronegativity": "", "atomicRadius": 69, "ionRadius": "", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 154, "ionizationEnergy": 2081, "electronAffinity": 0, "oxidationStates": "", "standardState": "gas", "bondingType": "atomic", "meltingPoint": 25, "boilingPoint": 27, "density": 0.0009, "groupBlock": "noble gas", "yearDiscovered": 1898 }, { "atomicNumber": 11, "symbol": "Na", "name": "Sodium", "atomicMass": "22.98976928(2)", "cpkHexColor": "AB5CF2", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ne] 3s1", "electronegativity": 0.93, "atomicRadius": 154, "ionRadius": "102 (+1)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 227, "ionizationEnergy": 496, "electronAffinity": -53, "oxidationStates": "-1, 1", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 371, "boilingPoint": 1156, "density": 0.968, "groupBlock": "alkali metal", "yearDiscovered": 1807 }, { "atomicNumber": 12, "symbol": "Mg", "name": "Magnesium", "atomicMass": "24.3050(6)", "cpkHexColor": "8AFF00", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ne] 3s2", "electronegativity": 1.31, "atomicRadius": 130, "ionRadius": "72 (+2)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 173, "ionizationEnergy": 738, "electronAffinity": 0, "oxidationStates": "1, 2", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 923, "boilingPoint": 1363, "density": 1.738, "groupBlock": "alkaline earth metal", "yearDiscovered": 1808 }, { "atomicNumber": 13, "symbol": "Al", "name": "Aluminum", "atomicMass": "26.9815386(8)", "cpkHexColor": "BFA6A6", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ne] 3s2 3p1", "electronegativity": 1.61, "atomicRadius": 118, "ionRadius": "53.5 (+3)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 578, "electronAffinity": -43, "oxidationStates": "1, 3", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 933, "boilingPoint": 2792, "density": 2.7, "groupBlock": "metal", "yearDiscovered": "Ancient" }, { "atomicNumber": 14, "symbol": "Si", "name": "Silicon", "atomicMass": "28.0855(3)", "cpkHexColor": "F0C8A0", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ne] 3s2 3p2", "electronegativity": 1.9, "atomicRadius": 111, "ionRadius": "40 (+4)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 210, "ionizationEnergy": 787, "electronAffinity": -134, "oxidationStates": "-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 1687, "boilingPoint": 3173, "density": 2.33, "groupBlock": "metalloid", "yearDiscovered": 1854 }, { "atomicNumber": 15, "symbol": "P", "name": "Phosphorus", "atomicMass": "30.973762(2)", "cpkHexColor": "FF8000", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ne] 3s2 3p3", "electronegativity": 2.19, "atomicRadius": 106, "ionRadius": "44 (+3)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 180, "ionizationEnergy": 1012, "electronAffinity": -72, "oxidationStates": "-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "covalent network", "meltingPoint": 317, "boilingPoint": 554, "density": 1.823, "groupBlock": "nonmetal", "yearDiscovered": 1669 }, { "atomicNumber": 16, "symbol": "S", "name": "Sulfur", "atomicMass": "32.065(5)", "cpkHexColor": "FFFF30", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ne] 3s2 3p4", "electronegativity": 2.58, "atomicRadius": 102, "ionRadius": "184 (-2)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 180, "ionizationEnergy": 1000, "electronAffinity": -200, "oxidationStates": "-2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "covalent network", "meltingPoint": 388, "boilingPoint": 718, "density": 1.96, "groupBlock": "nonmetal", "yearDiscovered": "Ancient" }, { "atomicNumber": 17, "symbol": "Cl", "name": "Chlorine", "atomicMass": "35.453(2)", "cpkHexColor": "1FF01F", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ne] 3s2 3p5", "electronegativity": 3.16, "atomicRadius": 99, "ionRadius": "181 (-1)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 175, "ionizationEnergy": 1251, "electronAffinity": -349, "oxidationStates": "-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7", "standardState": "gas", "bondingType": "covalent network", "meltingPoint": 172, "boilingPoint": 239, "density": 0.003214, "groupBlock": "halogen", "yearDiscovered": 1774 }, { "atomicNumber": 18, "symbol": "Ar", "name": "Argon", "atomicMass": "39.948(1)", "cpkHexColor": "80D1E3", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ne] 3s2 3p6", "electronegativity": "", "atomicRadius": 97, "ionRadius": "", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 188, "ionizationEnergy": 1521, "electronAffinity": 0, "oxidationStates": "", "standardState": "gas", "bondingType": "atomic", "meltingPoint": 84, "boilingPoint": 87, "density": 0.001784, "groupBlock": "noble gas", "yearDiscovered": 1894 }, { "atomicNumber": 19, "symbol": "K", "name": "Potassium", "atomicMass": "39.0983(1)", "cpkHexColor": "8F40D4", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 4s1", "electronegativity": 0.82, "atomicRadius": 196, "ionRadius": "138 (+1)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 275, "ionizationEnergy": 419, "electronAffinity": -48, "oxidationStates": 1, "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 337, "boilingPoint": 1032, "density": 0.856, "groupBlock": "alkali metal", "yearDiscovered": 1807 }, { "atomicNumber": 20, "symbol": "Ca", "name": "Calcium", "atomicMass": "40.078(4)", "cpkHexColor": "3DFF00", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 4s2", "electronegativity": 1, "atomicRadius": 174, "ionRadius": "100 (+2)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 590, "electronAffinity": -2, "oxidationStates": 2, "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 1115, "boilingPoint": 1757, "density": 1.55, "groupBlock": "alkaline earth metal", "yearDiscovered": "Ancient" }, { "atomicNumber": 21, "symbol": "Sc", "name": "Scandium", "atomicMass": "44.955912(6)", "cpkHexColor": "E6E6E6", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d1 4s2", "electronegativity": 1.36, "atomicRadius": 144, "ionRadius": "74.5 (+3)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 633, "electronAffinity": -18, "oxidationStates": "1, 2, 3", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 1814, "boilingPoint": 3103, "density": 2.985, "groupBlock": "transition metal", "yearDiscovered": 1876 }, { "atomicNumber": 22, "symbol": "Ti", "name": "Titanium", "atomicMass": "47.867(1)", "cpkHexColor": "BFC2C7", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d2 4s2", "electronegativity": 1.54, "atomicRadius": 136, "ionRadius": "86 (+2)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 659, "electronAffinity": -8, "oxidationStates": "-1, 2, 3, 4", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 1941, "boilingPoint": 3560, "density": 4.507, "groupBlock": "transition metal", "yearDiscovered": 1791 }, { "atomicNumber": 23, "symbol": "V", "name": "Vanadium", "atomicMass": "50.9415(1)", "cpkHexColor": "A6A6AB", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d3 4s2", "electronegativity": 1.63, "atomicRadius": 125, "ionRadius": "79 (+2)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 651, "electronAffinity": -51, "oxidationStates": "-1, 2, 3, 4", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 2183, "boilingPoint": 3680, "density": 6.11, "groupBlock": "transition metal", "yearDiscovered": 1803 }, { "atomicNumber": 24, "symbol": "Cr", "name": "Chromium", "atomicMass": "51.9961(6)", "cpkHexColor": "8A99C7", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d5 4s1", "electronegativity": 1.66, "atomicRadius": 127, "ionRadius": "80 (+2*)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 653, "electronAffinity": -64, "oxidationStates": "-2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 2180, "boilingPoint": 2944, "density": 7.14, "groupBlock": "transition metal", "yearDiscovered": "Ancient" }, { "atomicNumber": 25, "symbol": "Mn", "name": "Manganese", "atomicMass": "54.938045(5)", "cpkHexColor": "9C7AC7", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d5 4s2", "electronegativity": 1.55, "atomicRadius": 139, "ionRadius": "67 (+2)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 717, "electronAffinity": 0, "oxidationStates": "-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 1519, "boilingPoint": 2334, "density": 7.47, "groupBlock": "transition metal", "yearDiscovered": 1774 }, { "atomicNumber": 26, "symbol": "Fe", "name": "Iron", "atomicMass": "55.845(2)", "cpkHexColor": "E06633", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d6 4s2", "electronegativity": 1.83, "atomicRadius": 125, "ionRadius": "78 (+2*)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 763, "electronAffinity": -16, "oxidationStates": "-2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 1811, "boilingPoint": 3134, "density": 7.874, "groupBlock": "transition metal", "yearDiscovered": "Ancient" }, { "atomicNumber": 27, "symbol": "Co", "name": "Cobalt", "atomicMass": "58.933195(5)", "cpkHexColor": "F090A0", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d7 4s2", "electronegativity": 1.88, "atomicRadius": 126, "ionRadius": "74.5 (+2*)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 760, "electronAffinity": -64, "oxidationStates": "-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 1768, "boilingPoint": 3200, "density": 8.9, "groupBlock": "transition metal", "yearDiscovered": "Ancient" }, { "atomicNumber": 28, "symbol": "Ni", "name": "Nickel", "atomicMass": "58.6934(4)", "cpkHexColor": "50D050", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d8 4s2", "electronegativity": 1.91, "atomicRadius": 121, "ionRadius": "69 (+2)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 163, "ionizationEnergy": 737, "electronAffinity": -112, "oxidationStates": "-1, 1, 2, 3, 4", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 1728, "boilingPoint": 3186, "density": 8.908, "groupBlock": "transition metal", "yearDiscovered": 1751 }, { "atomicNumber": 29, "symbol": "Cu", "name": "Copper", "atomicMass": "63.546(3)", "cpkHexColor": "C88033", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d10 4s1", "electronegativity": 1.9, "atomicRadius": 138, "ionRadius": "77 (+1)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 140, "ionizationEnergy": 746, "electronAffinity": -118, "oxidationStates": "1, 2, 3, 4", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 1358, "boilingPoint": 3200, "density": 8.92, "groupBlock": "transition metal", "yearDiscovered": "Ancient" }, { "atomicNumber": 30, "symbol": "Zn", "name": "Zinc", "atomicMass": "65.38(2)", "cpkHexColor": "7D80B0", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2", "electronegativity": 1.65, "atomicRadius": 131, "ionRadius": "74 (+2)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 139, "ionizationEnergy": 906, "electronAffinity": 0, "oxidationStates": 2, "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 693, "boilingPoint": 1180, "density": 7.14, "groupBlock": "transition metal", "yearDiscovered": 1746 }, { "atomicNumber": 31, "symbol": "Ga", "name": "Gallium", "atomicMass": "69.723(1)", "cpkHexColor": "C28F8F", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1", "electronegativity": 1.81, "atomicRadius": 126, "ionRadius": "62 (+3)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 187, "ionizationEnergy": 579, "electronAffinity": -29, "oxidationStates": "1, 2, 3", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 303, "boilingPoint": 2477, "density": 5.904, "groupBlock": "metal", "yearDiscovered": 1875 }, { "atomicNumber": 32, "symbol": "Ge", "name": "Germanium", "atomicMass": "72.64(1)", "cpkHexColor": "668F8F", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2", "electronegativity": 2.01, "atomicRadius": 122, "ionRadius": "73 (+2)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 762, "electronAffinity": -119, "oxidationStates": "-4, 1, 2, 3, 4", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 1211, "boilingPoint": 3093, "density": 5.323, "groupBlock": "metalloid", "yearDiscovered": 1886 }, { "atomicNumber": 33, "symbol": "As", "name": "Arsenic", "atomicMass": "74.92160(2)", "cpkHexColor": "BD80E3", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3", "electronegativity": 2.18, "atomicRadius": 119, "ionRadius": "58 (+3)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 185, "ionizationEnergy": 947, "electronAffinity": -78, "oxidationStates": "-3, 2, 3, 5", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 1090, "boilingPoint": 887, "density": 5.727, "groupBlock": "metalloid", "yearDiscovered": "Ancient" }, { "atomicNumber": 34, "symbol": "Se", "name": "Selenium", "atomicMass": "78.96(3)", "cpkHexColor": "FFA100", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4", "electronegativity": 2.55, "atomicRadius": 116, "ionRadius": "198 (-2)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 190, "ionizationEnergy": 941, "electronAffinity": -195, "oxidationStates": "-2, 2, 4, 6", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 494, "boilingPoint": 958, "density": 4.819, "groupBlock": "nonmetal", "yearDiscovered": 1817 }, { "atomicNumber": 35, "symbol": "Br", "name": "Bromine", "atomicMass": "79.904(1)", "cpkHexColor": "A62929", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5", "electronegativity": 2.96, "atomicRadius": 114, "ionRadius": "196 (-1)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 185, "ionizationEnergy": 1140, "electronAffinity": -325, "oxidationStates": "-1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7", "standardState": "liquid", "bondingType": "covalent network", "meltingPoint": 266, "boilingPoint": 332, "density": 3.12, "groupBlock": "halogen", "yearDiscovered": 1826 }, { "atomicNumber": 36, "symbol": "Kr", "name": "Krypton", "atomicMass": "83.798(2)", "cpkHexColor": "5CB8D1", "electronicConfiguration": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6", "electronegativity": "", "atomicRadius": 110, "ionRadius": "", "vanDelWaalsRadius": 202, "ionizationEnergy": 1351, "electronAffinity": 0, "oxidationStates": 2, "standardState": "gas", "bondingType": "atomic", "meltingPoint": 116, "boilingPoint": 120, "density": 0.00375, "groupBlock": "noble gas", "yearDiscovered": 1898 }, { "atomicNumber": 37, "symbol": "Rb", "name": "Rubidium", "atomicMass": "85.4678(3)", "cpkHexColor": "702EB0", "electronicConfiguration": "[Kr] 5s1", "electronegativity": 0.82, "atomicRadius": 211, "ionRadius": "152 (+1)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 403, "electronAffinity": -47, "oxidationStates": 1, "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 312, "boilingPoint": 961, "density": 1.532, "groupBlock": "alkali metal", "yearDiscovered": 1861 }, { "atomicNumber": 38, "symbol": "Sr", "name": "Strontium", "atomicMass": "87.62(1)", "cpkHexColor": "00FF00", "electronicConfiguration": "[Kr] 5s2", "electronegativity": 0.95, "atomicRadius": 192, "ionRadius": "118 (+2)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 550, "electronAffinity": -5, "oxidationStates": 2, "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 1050, "boilingPoint": 1655, "density": 2.63, "groupBlock": "alkaline earth metal", "yearDiscovered": 1790 }, { "atomicNumber": 39, "symbol": "Y", "name": "Yttrium", "atomicMass": "88.90585(2)", "cpkHexColor": "94FFFF", "electronicConfiguration": "[Kr] 4d1 5s2", "electronegativity": 1.22, "atomicRadius": 162, "ionRadius": "90 (+3)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 600, "electronAffinity": -30, "oxidationStates": "1, 2, 3", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 1799, "boilingPoint": 3618, "density": 4.472, "groupBlock": "transition metal", "yearDiscovered": 1794 }, { "atomicNumber": 40, "symbol": "Zr", "name": "Zirconium", "atomicMass": "91.224(2)", "cpkHexColor": "94E0E0", "electronicConfiguration": "[Kr] 4d2 5s2", "electronegativity": 1.33, "atomicRadius": 148, "ionRadius": "72 (+4)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 640, "electronAffinity": -41, "oxidationStates": "1, 2, 3, 4", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 2128, "boilingPoint": 4682, "density": 6.511, "groupBlock": "transition metal", "yearDiscovered": 1789 }, { "atomicNumber": 41, "symbol": "Nb", "name": "Niobium", "atomicMass": "92.90638(2)", "cpkHexColor": "73C2C9", "electronicConfiguration": "[Kr] 4d4 5s1", "electronegativity": 1.6, "atomicRadius": 137, "ionRadius": "72 (+3)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 652, "electronAffinity": -86, "oxidationStates": "-1, 2, 3, 4, 5", "standardState": "solid", "bondingType": "metallic", "meltingPoint": 2750, "boilingPoint": 5017, "density": 8.57, "groupBlock": "transition metal", "yearDiscovered": 1801 }, { "atomicNumber": 42, "symbol": "Mo", "name": "Molybdenum", "atomicMass": "95.96(2)", "cpkHexColor": "54B5B5", "electronicConfiguration": "[Kr] 4d5 5s1", "electronegativity": 2.16, "atomicRadius": 145, "ionRadius": "69 (+3)", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": 684, 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"Tennessine", "atomicMass": "294", "cpkHexColor": "", "electronicConfiguration": "[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5", "electronegativity": "", "atomicRadius": "", "ionRadius": "", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": "", "electronAffinity": "", "oxidationStates": "", "standardState": "", "bondingType": "", "meltingPoint": "", "boilingPoint": "", "density": "", "groupBlock": "post-transition metal", "yearDiscovered": 2010 }, { "atomicNumber": 118, "symbol": "Og", "name": "Oganesson", "atomicMass": "294", "cpkHexColor": "", "electronicConfiguration": "[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6", "electronegativity": "", "atomicRadius": "", "ionRadius": "", "vanDelWaalsRadius": "", "ionizationEnergy": "", "electronAffinity": "", "oxidationStates": "", "standardState": "", "bondingType": "", "meltingPoint": "", "boilingPoint": "", "density": "", "groupBlock": "noble gas", "yearDiscovered": 2002 } ], "meta": { "title": "Chemical Elements — Chemistry Properties - Free Download", "description": "118 chemical elements with electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic/ion/Van der Waals radii, bonding type, standard state, oxidation states, melting/boiling points, density, and year of discovery. Contains 118 records. Download in Excel, CSV, PDF formats.", "seo_title": "Chemical Elements — Chemistry Properties | ListBase", "seo_description": "Download Chemical Elements — Chemistry Properties — 118 records. Available in Excel, CSV, PDF formats.", "key_takeaways": [ "Contains 118 records / 20 fields", "Available for free download in Excel, CSV, and PDF formats", "Data sourced from: https://github.com/andrejewski/periodic-table" ] } }